Pros and Cons of a Dry Campus Essay Example

Advantages and disadvantages of a Dry Campus Paper Consistently, colleges consistently have a similar issue with respect to liquor. Understudies are continually getting in a difficult situation for ownership or utilization. Here at Eastern Connecticut State University, the strategy is a dry grounds. This implies liquor is totally denied nearby. There are numerous conclusions with regards to this decision, as there are likewise numerous upsides and downsides to it. One ace of having a dry grounds is that understudies can discover different occasions to go to. Eastern frequently offers different occasions where understudies can do and mingle, advancing a night without liquor. Understudies can likewise join clubs, intramurals, sports, and so forth. These clubs and occasions offer a positive impact on the understudies by keeping them occupied. As indicated by a companion and understudy of the school, one occasion that the University of Maryland supports is the â€Å"Spring Party Challenge. † This is the place understudies are urged to set up the most ideal gathering without the accessibility of liquor. The champ of this occasion will get $300 and two other participants will get $100 each. Albeit Eastern doesn't offer an occasion this way, it has a great time activities like the month to month â€Å"Fridays After Dark† occasions or even free hotcakes on Thursday evenings supported by the Christian Fellowship gathering. We will compose a custom article test on Pros and Cons of a Dry Campus explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Pros and Cons of a Dry Campus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Pros and Cons of a Dry Campus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Another master of having a dry grounds is for the school itself. Since the greater part the understudies at colleges are underage, having a dry grounds is a shrewd decision for schools. This is on the grounds that it makes them not at risk for any episodes that may happen to their understudies including liquor. With a composed record, it’s somewhat hard to reprimand the school for whatever could occur. An issue including this is the measure of death of undergrads consistently. As per Collegedrinkingprevention. rg, â€Å"1,825 undergrads between the ages of 18 and 24 kicked the bucket from liquor related unexpected wounds including engine vehicle crashes† (article checked on in 2010, year of measurement not accessible). The issue here is that by making a school a dry grounds, understudies are progressively inclined to not drink on the properties, accordingly making it a more secure grounds. Then again, understudies will go out to drink, attempting to abstain from getting reviewed. Understudies will drive off of grounds to head off to some place else, at that point driving back home a short time later. The issue with this that it will leave understudies abandoned or settling on helpless choices, especially without an assigned driver. From individual experience, I’ve gotten a ride from a companion who said he was â€Å"alright† to drive, just later discovering that he was â€Å"buzzed. † His thinking for electing to drive was that it was his vehicle and we expected to return to grounds. Once securely nearby, he conceded that he ought not have gotten in the driver's seat since he realized it was risky. On the off chance that the grounds isn't dry, at that point understudies are bound to remain nearby to appreciate a couple of beverages, lessening the measure of alcoholic driving. Proceeding on cons, another explanation that understudies loathe having a dry grounds is that they feel like they aren’t as free as they can imagine to be. A great deal of understudies decide to live nearby on the grounds that they need to get away from their folks and carry on with life they way they picked. I feel that understudies ought to have the decision of drinking or not drinking, paying little heed to their age. I accept that it ought to be his/her decision regarding whether they need to go to class with a parting cerebral pain or on the off chance that they decide to accomplish something idiotic while inebriated. These understudies are mature enough to settle on choices and they should recognize what is good and bad. We are mature enough to battle for ourselves and to choose what we need to do with our lives. In the event that we decide to go through the entirety of our cash and skip classes the following day due to liquor, at that point so be it. We are settling on these decisions; in this way we ought to figure out how to live with the results. By and by, I feel that albeit every one of these passings and wounds that happen in view of liquor, is really the individual. Truly there are more liquor related occurrences for undergrads, yet that’s additionally in light of the fact that these understudies have no restraint and are not liable for what they are doing. Be that as it may, it’s not simply occurring in school. It’s happening all over the place, paying little heed to area. I do accept, nonetheless, that understudies who are underage ought to get rebuffed when captured on the grounds that they are overstepping a law, not only a standard. Taking everything into account, I am not totally sure whether it is smarter to have dry grounds. There are a ton of cons however there are likewise a great deal of professionals to it as well. I imagine that it relies upon the understudies and topography of the school.

Key Highlights of the Human Career

The advancement of humanity is more than essentially a history for the cutting edge society. These are the exercises that individuals have taken in, the victories that they have accomplished, the disappointments that they have endured and the advancement that we have produced using Homo Erectus to Homo Sapiens †the degree of improvement that can't be contrasted with any current types of life.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Key Highlights of the Human Career explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, it is imperative to recollect the phases that the humankind has given its approach flawlessly. Every one of those stages is checked in some way or another in the archeologists’ and scientists’ mind, and every one of those stages can be spoken to by a specific ancient rarity that can exhibit the developments that our progenitors gained and the ground that they accomplished. The fortune that the historical center views is worth in exce ss of a gold mine, for this is the information that individuals have been gathering for a considerable length of time and a huge number of years. Inside these dividers one can see the ascent and fall of various developments, follow individuals figuring out how to make weapons and making the reason for the cutting edge comprehension of society. Here, the most critical ancient rarities have been chosen to show the way that individuals have been will accomplish the current phase of advancement. The various curios will advise how significant it isn't to overlook the old information that the individuals of the past had. The antiques have been masterminded in a particular request for individuals to get the hold regarding the matter better and to have the likelihood to see the various ancient rarities interconnected as they seem to be, coasting from one age into another. The relics have been put in isolated little cases for the guests to have a superior view on the entirety of the componen ts gathered by the circle that they speak to. The principal case views the relics of people’s weapons, the second has contents, and the third speaks to the figures that have been made in the antiquated occasions. Trusting that the guests will discover the presentation generally intriguing and subjective, I might want top go to the shows themselves.Advertising Looking for paper on humanities? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the most great noteworthy revelations was the one of the Olduwan culture. The improvement of these individuals who were living in the occasions old as the slopes was really fantastic. In the age of the Stone Age, the business was creating at a leeway pace. The individuals who speeded it up by one way or another were the Oldowans. The old clan figured out how to make the devices that helped them in their normal work and was utilized from 2.6 to 1.7 million years back! Nonetheless, that had its v ery own pessimistic impact, with the individuals who utilized the innovation of the earlier hundreds of years didn't have to improve anything and accordingly didn't want to build up their abilities in making instruments for their work. That is the thing that lies from one perspective, however on the other the students of history consider the To be as the individuals that overran the age, deserting their beneficiaries far. One could undoubtedly figure that the Oldowan progress was conceived in Tanzania, the core of Africa †since Africa is considered by various researchers as the support of the humanity. Obviously, the association between the Oldowan apparatuses and the cutting edge innovation is fairly dubious, yet there is no uncertainty that the creation of the primary weapon can be viewed as a beginning stage in human’s improvement. In any case, a few researchers will in general contend against the significance of the Oldowan devices innovation: How sure would we be ab le to be that the Oldowan devices are in reality fabricated devices? This is anything but a simple judgment to make, since the ancient rarities distinguished as devices comprise just of little bits of rocks that are honed on one side. Might they be able to not have been â€Å"found tools†? (Donald 111)Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Key Highlights of the Human Career explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The instruments that they made were utilized for the earlier objective, which was chasing. Despite the fact that the Oldowan devices are viewed as the most crude type of instruments that have ever showed up over the span of history, their significance remains past any questions. In the event that individuals had not begun making ventures towards the production of the easiest apparatuses and instruments, the cutting edge human advancement would have never accomplished the current phase of improvement. All things considered, the incredib le things start with exceptionally little advances. The following issue in conversation will be the display named Achaeulian Hand Ax. This development is likewise considered to have a place with the age of the Stone Age. Found in the locale of Hoxne (Suffolk), the devices that the researchers found and considered the proof of the individuals improvement in the Stone Age, these instruments mean the antiquated individuals moving to Europe from the ample hot Africa. They made the devices that may assist them with accommodating to the new condition and that was progressively appropriate for the requirements that they had in the age when they were changing the environment. Sequentially, this occasion has a place with the hours of the Lower Paleolithic period and mean that the old individuals have at long last started to improve the apparatuses, changing them so they could be more keen, and that they could be simpler to convey. The handle that the hatchet has shows obviously this was a st age forward in contrast with the sharp stone that was conveyed close by and couldn't be a genuine weapon in the battle with a creature. Found in India (Chandra 46), these weapons caused the archeologists to comprehend that the Stone Age had been undeniably more evolved than it was assumed previously. Like the past display, it has inaccessible relations with the advanced weapons, yet it is an example of the old weapons and combative techniques that must be preserved.Advertising Searching for exposition on human studies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The effect that this development has had on the advanced innovation and human conduct is gigantic, yet fairly far off in time. The following show that will be of an incredible enthusiasm to those intrigued by the privileged insights of the old occasions is the attracting discovered the Lascaux Cave in France. The old individuals were attempting to delineate the occasions of their regular daily existence, just as the most huge events, or what was viewed as huge in the ancient time. The cavern of Laxcaus observes the fortunes undeniably more important than the Flint’s cavern. The craftsmen were known as the Magdalenians, who lived around a long time from now. This was the age of the ice age, and the drawings that are portrayed on the dividers of the cavern are called correspondingly the Ice Art. (Burnham 6). The photos that the old individuals drew on the dividers of their abodes were indicating different scenes, beginning from chasing to the photos of creatures or individuals a lone, or the signs that the individuals were utilizing at that occasions. Obviously, this can't be acted like craftsmanship from the advanced perspective, and it was not really the workmanship for craftsmanship †it could be increasingly sensible to propose that the drawings should communicate the thoughts that were preceding the individuals of the Stone Age time. These drawings can be partitioned into three gatherings, which are the pictures of creatures, the pictures of individuals and the pictures of unsure character that should imply something for the inhabitants of the cavern. Among the pictures of the creatures, the most various are the drawings of equine. Since it was the fundamental article for the chase of the antiquated individuals, they drew it as one of the most significant components of their reality. It is somewhat dubious that the drawings found in the Lascaux cavern could be considered as the start of the craftsmanship time, yet they despite everything imply that the humanity began to utilize visual pictures to point at a specific subject or express a thought. This is a significant advance in the improvement of the humankind. As individuals went on in their social advancement and began looking for the new strategies for discovering food and chasing, they found quick that one of the approaches to continue their lives was to fall back on eating the products that they could develop themselves. Essentially, it implied the start of the rural time and imply that individuals have accomplished another phase of advancement. The weapons that they made were not pointed uniquely at chasing, or executing any longer. Individuals began to make the weapons that helped them to make a rural society. Obviously, the procedure went long and with enormous stops. In any case, the main thing that demonstrated the old people’s potential for the further mental development was the way that they started making such instruments as sickles and microliths. Albeit these days sickle is somewhat an image of the days of yore and the absence of progress, in the Mesolithic culture, it was a significant advancement. With all the purposes behind the further advancement, individuals began making the weapons that could assist them with developing the seeds and by one way or another assemble the collect. It is an obvious instance of the fats advancement that leads starting with one innovation then onto the next. Since individuals understood that they expected to control the development of the plants that they use as food, they fundamentally needed to go to the horticultural method of living. It must be additionally conceived at the top of the priority list that a sickle was utilized even in the advanced occasions, however it has been altered extraordinarily. â€Å"The Natufian locales and Zawi Chemi had sickles (or if nothing else sickle cutting edges) and microliths; these were not found at Ganj-Dareh,† Ucko (363) says. All things considered, t hat just demonstrates the way that individuals can't create at a similar pace. Some of them need additional time than the others. The equivalent goes for the way of life, maybe. The innovation has adjusted the advanced human conduct, switc

Valuation of Airthread Brief free essay sample

Characterize the issue Problem that both ACC and ATC confronted Problem for American Cable Communication (ACC) 1. The most extreme issue for ACC is the expanding in contenders with the pattern toward heap of administrations. As of late, Incumbent nearby trade transporters (ILEC’s) which is the firm that typically offer remote support are extending its items. ILEC’s is developing their video contributions which is the significant result of ACC. We accept that this issue require extremely brisk reaction from Robert Zimmerman, senior VP of business advancement, as the innovation is keep building up constantly, so ACC ought to obtain ATC to give and grow more administrations. 2. What's more, ACC saw an approaching serious danger from advance remote systems dependent on 802. 16n standard for versatile WiMAX. Those systems are relied upon to offer remote communication as well as network access which is likewise the principle result of ACC. Issue for AirThread Connections (ATC) 1. We will compose a custom paper test on Valuation of Airthread Brief or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page ATC confronted a cost drawback comparative with its primary remote rivals possessed by ILEC’s. High working expense is come about because of moving traffic from cell towers to focal exchanging workplaces utilizing either landlines rented from contenders or in fact unwieldy microwave gear. This is the most basic issue for ATC, as per Michael Balistreri, the company’s CFO, he said â€Å"In a commoditized industry, it is normally the minimal effort maker that endures and thrives†. . Besides, ATC’s contenders offer more items separated from remote assistance which are landline, recordings, and web access. These lead to higher client procurement and maintenance costs, in addition to more slow development. Presumptions from ACC’s securing 1. The two organizations could enable each other to contend in a strongly serious industry that requires increasingly more group administration contributions so the income of the two organizations will be expanded. 2. An investigation done by Rubinstein amp; Ross assessed that ATC can spare about 20% in backhaul cost by utilizing ACC fiber lines as opposed to renting landlines from different organizations. Nonetheless, Ms. Zhang accepts that the cost reserve funds would be progressive. In this way, she assessed the complete framework working cost sparing to be 6% acknowledged more than four years starting in 2009. 3. By obtaining, the two organizations will grow the business showcase which could have expanded the steadiness and unwavering quality of the company’s incomes. In addition, each firm will build its system usage and increment cost effectiveness thus.

Human Resources management in Organisation - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine about the Human Resources the board in Organization. Answer: Expanding worldwide market is presenting difficulties to the Australian economy. It is modifying the sort of occupations in the nation. The Business committee of Australia is concentrating on the human capital turn of events and in building the Australian near preferences. The point of the human asset the board at present is to build up the individuals to their maximum capacity to keep Australia serious, prosperous, and gainful (O'Connor, Du Roos, 2015). The article examines the changing essence of enlistment in Australia. With respect to this circumstance the exposition examines the enlistment and its significance to the association. The article centers around the enrollment patterns, challenges and the open doors for potential workers and associations. The exposition is upheld with the human asset HR speculations and models that are applicable to the business relationship. Enrollment is significant for each association. Considering the colossal accomplishment of the Game of Thrones, it is unmistakably because of astounding joint effort of individuals. In this specific situation, enrollment is the way toward selecting ideal individual for right employment for improving the authoritative execution. It relies upon the enlistment if an individual has right abilities set to play out a particular activity. It isn't just the piece of the HR group to select individuals yet additionally the duty of the line troughs. The significance of enlistment in HR the executives is to top off the situation with the correct up-and-comer utilizing ad and some other methods so meriting up-and-comers are not denied of their fantasy work. It is the ongoing pattern that huge firms are purchasing the enlisting organizations for example, Oracle or SAP to choose meriting applicant with high potential. Enlistment assumes a significant job in development of the organization. It helps in amassing the pool of ability under one rooftop and maintain a strategic distance from the very late scramble for super tasks (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). HR the board assumes a significant job in characterizing the job which incorporates work examination (yield required by work holder or reason for work), set of working responsibilities (desire for boss), and determining work profile to the correct competitor. This stage is trailed by drawing in the workers by different inside and outer strategies. This procedure is significant in checking the legitimate necessities satisfied by the up-and-comers and to enroll steadfast up-and-comers and the individuals who can support the basic beliefs of the organization. HR administrators meet the present and future needs of the organization by enlisting individuals. It helps in keeping the back up as there is consistently an opportunity that a few people may leave in center of the task. This aides keeping up the parity in the association while improving the worth creation. The current market is profoundly serious and without the correct blend of the up-and-comer it is hard to win the opposition. H enceforth, enlistment is significant (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). There are a few new patterns in the HR enlistment process. Programmed and Employee referral has become some portion of the enrollment since long time. This program is powerful in accepting applications from the gifted up-and-comers. It assists organizations with giving enough ability. What's more, the consultancies are master in burrowing the database of the workers to think of meriting abilities for explicit position (Shwed Kalev, 2014). The most recent pattern in the human asset enrollment is putting astutely in teaching individuals about the universe of work. So as to diminish the ascent in joblessness among youthful specialists and those at drawback there is a need to function admirably as far as human capital. This incorporates putting too much in the person to person communication locales other than customary model of ad intensive papers, exchange press, or business work sheets. Notwithstanding, half of the work in Australia is because of internet based life and business office . As of late, there is an expanding utilization of innovation for dealing with the application procedure (Gibbs et al., 2015). Mc Donalds is utilizing the better approach for enlisting workers. Considering the way that there is critical increment being used of person to person communication locales through advanced cells, Mc Donald has chosen to select technically knowledgeable individuals through snapchat. It just accepts 10 minutes for position searchers to watch a video advertisement of the representatives of Mc Donald sharing their encounters. Clients can basically swipe in the application to be diverted to the carer website page of Mc Donald for application. This procedure is named as snaplications an imaginative market recruiting instrument. Utilizing this method Mc Donald in US has enlisted 250,000 representatives in this mid year. A similar strategy has been utilized by the organization in Australia. Furthermore, Spotify and Hulu was likewise enlisted to arrive at imminent and potential jobseekers (Fortune.com, 2017). Netflix too utilizes consumerisation process where it makes great suggestion realiz ing the film tastes of it workers (Varela, 2017). Tinder causes them get new accomplices. Individuals expect involvement with work that is like that in home (Jackson et al., 2014). The key human asset the executives arrangement of Australia lines up with the human capital hypothesis. This hypothesis expresses that the monetary estimation of the association increments by Human capital hypothesis; workers experience, abilities and information (Kramar, 2014) Different techniques utilized by the HR administrators are utilizing inner enrollment plan, the nearby activity communities and profession fairs. Inward ability pool is selected for giving vocation development openings, representative maintenance and bolster progression arranging (Jackson et al., 2014). For example, half of the Mc Donalds directors were already hourly paid representatives. This association makes its every individual eatery answerable for enrollment. This utilization of different procedures has helped numerous new youngers matured 16-24 in Australia to have first occupation at Mc Donald with over 60% being selected as team part (Mc Donald's, 2017). This lines up with the European model of HRM as these procedures center around relationship with workers and line supervisors (Kramar, 2014). It is progressively getting hard to track down profoundly gifted and skillful individuals qualified at all levels. The ongoing pattern in the work procedure in Australia is everything being portable, tradeable and work. The individuals with high capability and abilities are moving to different places on the planet. Then again the low gifted employments are robotized or move seaward (Tyers, 2015). The regular difficulties looked by the representatives in Australia are absence of progression in innovation, poor correspondence by HRs and poor workplaces. The high turnover rate is because of the transient idea of the workforce. Working environment separation respects to culture, age, sex and others are conspicuous issues in Australia. A portion of the associations like seven eleven stores enrolled individuals however neglected to satisfy the representative desires. It is because of low pay, extended periods of time of work without motivating forces (Shields et al., 2015). Further, the si gnificant test is to because of 33% of occupations in Australia that are not officially publicized. There is dependence on verbal exchange in 17% everything being equal. Foreigners and evacuees need preparing and training (Kosny et al., 2017). The work experience model utilized by the business is the work motivations. It enables the representatives to increase a certifiable feeling of being in the work environment. It makes attention to the workers about the abilities and the capabilities expected by the businesses. Numerous BCA individuals are taking activities to create programs that incorporate multi day courses to custom fitted temporary jobs. Organizations like Mc Donald and Microsoft work through conversation gatherings and exercises with various staff individuals. They get input and counsel from the scope of staff about the future vocation ways (Bakker, 2017). There is the need of such open doors in the working environment which enables the youthful part to take an interest in work environment to build up the employability aptitudes. Such open doors should be made in association with schools, non-government associations, and business. It is contended by Harteis Goller (2014) that work presentation, and other vocatio n learning openings must turn into the focal piece of the instruction and preparing framework. These sort of organizations is clear from the Work Inspirations program facilitated by the Foundationfor Young Australians, NAB and The Smith Family. Future Employees can settle on progressively educated decisions about their preparation and studies by improving the manner in which vocation learning is extended to the understudies and diverse employment opportunity searchers. These preparation openings will help boost the human capital. It ought to be guaranteed that those can work with the assistance of professional instruction and preparing are upheld by business, governments and network associations (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). As indicated by Webb et al. (2013), professional instruction and preparing that will be acquired by year 12 has been discovered powerful in Australia in expanding higher paces of all day business, and bringing down occurrence ofunemployment. It is valuable instrument that prompts higher wages and higher status occupations for individuals. Organization approach is the new and powerful method in arriving at the burdened activity searchers. For example, the BCA is working together with the Australian Councilof Social Service and the Australian Council of TradeUnions to improve the business administrations. It is assisting all the activity searchers with being ready to add to countrys economy and advantage from its development. For example, there is an expansion in the indigenous workforce by 3500 individuals by the BCA part organizations. Compromise Action Plans by both open and private improves open doors for some, progressively impeded Indigenous jobseekers in Australia (Sheldon, P., Thornthwaite, 2015). It tends to be finished up from the above conversation that the associations in Australia are changing the substance of enlistment utilizing the cutting edge HR arrangements. It very well may be closed

Moral Dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Moral Dilemmas - Essay Example In expressing about this issue, Russ Shafer-Landau contends that different good standards will in general be adequately autonomously to how an individual sees them. Kant’s moral hypothesis is somewhat unique particularly how individuals see it. In characterizing moral issues, the Kant moral hypothesis is viewed as deontological whereby a person’s activities are ethically upstanding as far as excellencies of individual’s intentions. For this situation, they should get from a specific obligation than tendency (Timmons 27). The assurance to act as indicated by his/her obligation for the most part defeats the personal responsibility proof or the longing to do something else. Additionally, Kant contends the part of virtues of an individual’s activities with the way that they just live in adage or formal guideline. Then again, it clarifies about the general responsibility of an individual to take part in a specific demonstration since it is his/her obligation to do as such (Timmons 35). This hence implies, obligation remains the need for an individual to carry on of retribution for the law. Thorough use of comparative strat egies towards this thinking would bring about an equivalent achievement while managing moral way of thinking issues. This along these lines implies that the inevitable rule of profound quality should consistently be an ethical law that happens dynamically and has the capacity of controlling a person towards a correct activity. In as much as the Kant’s hypothesis appears to be viable and applies to genuine occasions, this hypothesis of morals is imperfect and insufficiency when utilized abstract (Timmons 32). By and large, the hypothesis neglects to mention to individuals what they ought to do particularly when their ethical duties are clashing. Kant’s hypothesis of morals is altogether broad particularly on a portion of the regular occurring as far as good morals and situations. In any case, the hypothesis isn't point by point and sufficiently compelling to direct individuals on the best way to

Chances of Having Hereditary Bipolar Disorder

Chances of Having Hereditary Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Print The Chances of Having Hereditary Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 31, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Tara Moore/Getty Images If you have bipolar disorder and are considering having children, one of the questions you are probably asking yourself is whether you would pass your bipolar disorder on to a child. Is bipolar disorder hereditary? What is the role of genetics in bipolar disorder? Is Bipolar Disorder Hereditary? We have known for some time that bipolar disorder can run in families, and now, with genomic sequencing, we are learning about the possible role of genetic factors in the disorder. While the role of heredity is clear from family and twin studies, further research is needed. The overall lifetime risk of developing bipolar disorder is thought to be somewhere between 1 and 4 percent, depending on the definition, with the average age at diagnosis being 18. Lets look at what we know about family history and bipolar disorder, and then at what genetic specialists have discovered about the role of individual genes in both bipolar disorder and other mental health disorders. Family History of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is overall considered to be one of the most heritable of mental health disorders based on a review of family history charts. For example, here are data from a study which found a high family linkage with bipolar disorder: A child of one parent with bipolar disorder and one without has a 15 to 30 percent chance of having BP.If both parents have bipolar disorder, theres a 50 to 75 percent chance that a child of theirs will, too.If you already have one child with BP, there is a 15 to 25 percent chance that another of your children will also have it.If one identical twin has BP, theres about an 85 percent chance that the other one will as well. In three other studies, the chance of an identical twin also having bipolar disorder ranges from 38 to 43 percent with that of dizygotic (non-identical) twins being between 4.5 and 5.6 percent. Many other studies have found that bipolar disorder runs in families, though not all to this degree. Specific aspects of bipolar disorder also appear to run in families including the polarity of illness onset (mania vs depression,) frequency of episodes, the presence of psychosis, suicidality, rapid-cycling, associated alcohol use disorders, panic disorder, and the responsiveness (or lack thereof) to medications such as lithium and other drugs. The age of onset of bipolar disorder is often younger for those children who have parents or grandparents with a more severe bipolar disorder. Genetics vs. Environment and Bipolar Disorder When bipolar disorder runs in families it begs the question: Is the increase in risk related to genetics (specific gene combinations) or the environment? It appears that both mechanisms are probably at play and contribute to the causation of bipolar disorder. The Genetics of Bipolar Disorder Though it runs in families, it is harder to define specific genetic risk factors. Studies looking at the genetics of bipolar disorder have failed to find a single gene which is causative (for example, as is the case with cystic fibrosis.) Rather, it appears that there are several chromosomal regions with many genes (polygenic,) each of which has a small effect in raising the susceptibility to the disorder. Variants in genes such as ANK3, CACNA1C, NCAN, ODZ4 and are thought to increase susceptibility but explain only a very small percentage of the genetic risk. In addition, the majority of people with these at-risk alleles do not have bipolar disorder. Genetics and the Response to Bipolar Medications A separate issue that has been noted with our newer understanding of genetics is that genetics may play a role in how a person responds to medications for bipolar disorder. For example, those with two inactive copies of the CYP206 gene may be poor metabolizers of drugs such as risperidone and aripiprazole. As noted above, how much a person responds to drugs such as lithium may run in the family. Genetics of Bipolar Disorder and Other Mental Health Disorders In looking at genetic susceptibility, it has been noted that there is overlap between gene variations noted with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and depression. Should You Have Children If You Have Bipolar Disorder? Knowing that there is an increased risk of bipolar disorder in children of those with bipolar disorder, should parents with the disorder have children? This is a question that doesnt have a right or wrong answer. There are many medical conditions that may have a hereditary aspect. In addition, there is not a single gene or gene sequence that guarantees a child will develop bipolar disorder. Its important to note that nothing says that having a child who does develop a mental health disorder will not be a wonderfully fulfilling experience. Individuals must decide for themselves that is best for them and their family. Knowing you have a family history, however, can be very helpful in monitoring your child should she exhibits any signs or symptoms in order to recognize the condition before an episode of mania is occurring. The Bottom Line It seems clear that there is a genetic role in the development of bipolar disorder, but this role appears to be polygenic (controlled a little bit by many different genes) and very complex. In other words, there is not a single or even several gene variations that cause bipolar disorder, rather, a diverse combination of genes which may increase a persons susceptibility to developing bipolar disorder. A family history of the disorder is not a reason to put off becoming a parent. You may wish to learn about the red flags for bipolar disorder in children, and the different forms of the disorder.

Asians in Ivy League Admissions

Asians in Ivy League Admissions May 26 Caroline Simon of The Daily Pennsylvanian has written a great piece on the discrimination against Asians and Asian Americans in the admissions process. Lots of folks are discussing Asian Americans and Asians in Ivy League admissions these days. And we like that. Because theres a problem. And its one deserving of the publics attention. Indeed theres an article in The Daily Pennsylvanian, the newspaper of the University of Pennsylvania, authored by Caroline Simon entitled Colleges focus on diversity may leave Asians at an admissions disadvantage that we figured wed write about. The article discusses a Princeton University study that examines how race impacts admissions decisions. In fact, the study elucidates the impact of race on admissions decisions by quantifying it in terms of points on an SAT (so its easily understandable). As Simon Reports, The study found that applying as an African-American provides an advantage equivalent  to  an additional 230 points on the SAT, while Hispanics received a 185-point boost. Asian Americans have a bonus of negative 50 points.  Although the Asian population in the United States has been steadily increasing, the percentage of Asian students at Ivy League universities — including Penn — has remained roughly the same over the past two decades, according to data provided by the National Center for Education Statistics. This data seems to be quite telling. If youre African American, you get an SAT boost when applying to colleges. If youre Latino, you get an SAT boost. If youre Asian, you get an SAT handicap. Thats right. A handicap. Its not right. Its not fair. Its high time that action be taken. As weve written before, were not sure what will come of the complaint filed against Harvard College by various Asian American groups. Its certainly not the first time a complaint has been filed against universities for alleged discrimination against Asian and Asian American applicants. But, as weve long asserted on the pages of this college admissions blog, when more and more folks lift their voices to criticize the practice of discrimination against Asian and Asian Americans, change can be accomplished. These groups are discriminated against in the admissions process. This is fact, not fiction. The Princeton University study is quite simple and indeed its telling. These numbers share the true story. And this isnt only the case at Harvard. To single out Harvard as the sole culprit would be unfair as its the case at every highly selective college across America. Its high time this changed. Maybe hopefully that time is now. While youre here, read our post on Asian Quotas in Ivy League Admissions. To be clear, there are no quotas. But that doesnt mean there isnt discrimination. Because there is.